We are drawn to details that confirm our existing beliefs

Deep Dive

All Biases

Confirmation Bias

We search for, interpret, and recall information in a way that confirms our preexisting beliefs.

Congruence Bias

We test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, neglecting to test alternative hypotheses.

Choice-Supportive Bias

We remember our choices as better than they actually were.

Selective Perception

We filter what we see and hear based on our expectations and beliefs.

Observer-Expectancy Effect

A researcher's expectations can influence the participants' behavior in a study.

Experimenter's Bias

Experimenters' expectations unconsciously influence the outcome of their research.

Observer Effect

The act of observing something changes the thing being observed.

Expectation Bias

We see what we expect to see in data or observations.

Ostrich Effect

We avoid negative information by "burying our heads in the sand."

Subjective Validation

We perceive two unrelated events as connected because of our belief, expectation, or hypothesis that they should be.

Continued Influence Effect

Misinformation continues to influence our thinking even after it has been corrected.

Semmelweis Reflex

We reflexively reject new evidence that contradicts established norms or beliefs.