aina 210 za upendeleo, A hadi Z

Orodha ya aina zote za upendeleo wa kifikra

Kila aina ya upendeleo wa kifikra iliyo kwenye tovuti hii, katika orodha moja ya alfabeti. Kila kipengele kinakupa toleo la mstari mmoja; kiungo hufungua makala kamili yenye mifano, utafiti uliopo nyuma yake, na la kufanya.

aina 210 za upendeleo kati ya 210 zinalingana

A

B

  • Bahati ya Maadili

    Kumhukumu mtu kimaadili kulingana na matokeo ya jambo ambalo hata hakuwa na uwezo wa kulidhibiti.

  • Belief Bias

    We judge an argument by whether its conclusion sounds true rather than by whether the logic actually holds.

  • Belief Perseverance

    We keep believing something after the evidence for it has been discredited, because we have already built explanations around it.

  • Bullshit Receptivity

    We rate vague, impressive-sounding statements as profound when they are empty, mistaking buzzwords for meaning.

  • Bystander Effect

    The more people who witness someone in need, the less likely any one of them is to help, because responsibility feels shared.

C

  • Change Blindness

    We miss large changes in a scene when the change coincides with a blink, a cut, or a brief interruption.

  • Choice Overload

    Beyond a point, more options make choosing harder and leave us less satisfied, though only under certain conditions.

  • Cognitive Dissonance

    When our beliefs and actions clash, we feel discomfort and resolve it by changing the belief rather than the behavior.

  • Compromise Effect

    When options are arranged from cheap to premium, we gravitate to the middle one, so sellers can steer us by adding extremes.

  • Cryptomnesia

    Kuamini kuwa wazo ni lako jipya, ilhali umesahau kuwa ulilisikia au kujifunza kwa mtu mwingine.

D

  • Default Effect

    We tend to accept whatever option is pre-selected, so the choice of default quietly decides outcomes for most people.

  • Dhana ya Kuhusisha Kujilinda

    Kumlaumu sana mwathiriwa hasa ajali inapokuwa mbaya zaidi, ili kujiridhisha kuwa wewe uko salama.

  • Dhana ya Ulimwengu wa Haki

    Kuamini dunia ni ya haki na kila mtu anavuna alichopanda, hali inayofanya tuwalaumu waathirika.

  • Dharau ya Kijuujuu

    Kudhani kwamba wengine ni wabinafsi zaidi kuliko walivyo kihalisi.

E

F

G

  • Groupthink

    In a cohesive group, the wish for harmony overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives, so dissent is silenced and bad decisions go unchallenged.

H

I

K

L

  • Laana ya Maarifa

    Ugumu wa kujivua ufahamu ulionao unapojaribu kumwelewa au kumweleza mtu asiyejua.

  • Liking Gap

    After talking with someone new, we underestimate how much they liked us and enjoyed the conversation.

M

N

  • Nambari ya Kichawi 7±2

    Uwezo wa binadamu kukumbuka vitu saba pekee (kuzidi au kupungua kwa viwili) kwa wakati mmoja kwenye kumbukumbu ya muda mfupi.

P

  • Pareidolia

    Kuona maumbo yanayoeleweka, kama nyuso za watu, kwenye vitu vya kawaida visivyoeleweka.

  • Pengo la Huruma

    Kudharau jinsi hisia zinavyoathiri maamuzi na tabia zako au za wengine.

  • Pluralistic Ignorance

    We privately reject a norm but assume most others accept it, so everyone goes along with what almost nobody wants.

  • Pygmalion Effect

    What others expect of us tends to come true, because their expectations change how they treat us and how we respond.

R

  • Regression to the Mean

    After an extreme result, the next one is usually closer to average, and we mistake that return for the effect of whatever we did in between.

  • Regret Aversion

    We avoid choices that could leave us feeling regret, even when they are the better bet.

  • Representativeness Heuristic

    We judge how likely something is by how closely it resembles our mental prototype, ignoring base rates and sample size.

  • Rufaa kwa Ugeni

    Kuamini kwamba kitu ni kizuri zaidi kwa sababu tu ni kipya.

S

T

U

W

  • Wembe wa Occam

    Kupendelea maelezo rahisi kuliko magumu ikiwa yote yanaelezea jambo lilelile.

Hakuna upendeleo unaolingana na utafutaji huo.

Kwa kitengo

Matatizo manne ambayo kila upendeleo hutatua

Upendeleo si rundo la makosa ya bahati nasibu. Kila mmoja ni njia ya mkato ambayo ubongo huchukua kutatua mojawapo ya matatizo manne: taarifa nyingi mno, maana haitoshi, hitaji la kutenda haraka, na kuamua kipi kinastahili kukumbukwa.

Kusoma orodha ndilo jambo rahisi

Kutambua upendeleo ndani yako ukiwa katikati yake kunahitaji mazoezi. Kozi ya bure ya siku 21 hupitia zote, somo moja fupi kwa siku.